BOOTSTRAP 3 BASICS

by Karishma,

Bootstrap is a front-end framework that builds responsive websites. With a mobile-first approach at its core, its grid system allows designers to create sites for small screens, then scale designs up from there.

It uses a combination of HTML5 mark-up, compiled and minified CSS styling, fonts, and JavaScript. Bootstrap CSS is customizable, and even supports Less and Sass pre-compiled CSS, in addition to plain CSS files.

Other highlights:

1. What you can do with Bootstrap: create transition effects, image galleries, image carousels, alert messages, tool tips, dashboards, sticky footers, buttons, progress bars, popovers, pagination, drop-down menus, cover pages, and the Scroll Spy plug-in, which automatically updates a nav bar for the user, depending on where they are on the page.

2. A variety of templates: Bootstrap design templates include features like typography, forms, buttons, tables, different navigation styles, modals, and more.

3. Convenient layout classes: These consist of Large (desktops), Medium (smaller desktops or laptops), Small (tablets), and Extra Small (mobile phones), which include containers, rows, and up to 12 columns that can be combined to make larger columns. Bootstrap allows you to start out with stacked layouts (for mobile devices) that migrate to horizontal, for desktop versions. 

4. The convenience of Grunt: Grunt is a JavaScript task runner that’s all about automation. It manages repetitive tasks like compiling, “magnification,” and unit testing, so your team doesn’t have to. 

5. Browser compatibility: It’s compatible with Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer 8 and up, Safari, and Opera. Note: Bootstrap will degrade some of its features by default to work finely on older browsers. 

6. The Bootstrap Markup API: Bootstrap’s all-around best API that lets you use every JavaScript plugin without writing a single line of JS code. 

7. Open source: Bootstrap is open-source. Download Bootstrap from GitHub and link it right into a site’s HTML file. 

8. CSS pre-processors: Bootstrap lets you implement both the Sass and Less CSS pre-compilers. 

9. Easy JavaScript extensions: JavaScript plugins can be downloaded in just one file. To use Bootstrap with JavaScript add-ons, just reference the jQuery library in the HTML. It’s also consist custom jQuery plugins that can be used individually, or compiled and minified. 

10.Compatible with Bower: Bootstrap can be installed with Bower, a powerful package manager that helps you manage all the parts of your website like libraries, frameworks, utilities, and more.

Working with JQuery and CDN

by Rahul Maske,

Introduction
jQuery is not a language, but it is a well written JavaScript code. As quoted on official jQuery website, "it is a fast and concise JavaScript Library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax interactions for rapid web development".




                   




What is jQuery?
jQuery is not a language, but it is a well written JavaScript code. As quoted on official jQuery website, "it is a fast and concise JavaScript Library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax interactions for rapid web development."

In order to work with jQuery, you should be aware of the basics of JavaScript, HTML and CSS.

It was released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig.

Licensing
It is free, open source software Dual-licensed under the MIT License and the GNU General Public License. Microsoft has integrated jQuery officially into its IDE Visual Studio 2010 and jQuery intellisense is available in Visual Studio 2010 now.

Why jQuery?
jQuery is very compact and well written JavaScript code that increases the productivity of the developer by enabling them to achieve critical UI functionality by writing very small amount of code.

· It helps to improve the performance of the application

· It helps to develop most browser compatible web page

· It helps to implement UI related critical functionality without writing hundreds of lines of codes

· It is fast

· It is extensible – jQuery can be extended to implement customized behavior

Other advantages of jQuery are:
· No need to learn fresh new syntaxes to use jQuery, knowing simple JavaScript syntax is enough

· Simple and cleaner code, no need to write several lines of codes to achieve complex functionality
  Where to Download jQuery from?

 jQuery JavaScript file can be downloaded from jQuery Official website.

How to Use jQuery?
jQuery usually comes as a single JavaScript file containing everything comes out of the box with jQuery. It can be included within a web page using the following mark-up:

To Load Local jQuery File

<script type="text/javascript" src="jQuery-1.4.1-min.js"></script>

Ideally, this markup is kept in under <head></head> tag of your web page, however you are free to keep anywhere you want.
Loading jQuery from CDN
What is CDN?

CDN Stands for Content Distribution Network or also called Content Delivery Network is a group of computers placed at various points connected with network containing copies of data files to maximize bandwidth in accessing the data. In CDN, a client accesses a copy of data nearer to the client location rather than all clients accessing from the one particular server. This helps to achieve better performance of data retrieval by client.

There are two leading CDNs available that host jQuery files.

A jQuery file can be loaded from Google CDN. You will need to keep the following tag in your page.

<script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
Why to Load jQuery File from CDN?

You may ask that if we can load the jQuery file from our own server, why load it from the CDNs. The answer is logical and very simple. The browser behavior is that whenever it loads any webpage, it keeps related files (e.g., JavaScript file, CSS file and Images) used for that page into its cache (also called history). When next time the user browses any web page, browser loads only those files that are new or modified and is not available in the browser cache or history. In this way, browser improves its performance and loads the page.

The possibility is that if more and more websites are using CDNs, the user might have already browsed some other web pages that are using CDNs jQuery file and that file may have into browser cache; so when user browses your page and you are also using CDNs file, the older cached version of jQuery file will be used. In this way, your page will load faster as browser will not have to load the jQuery file for your page again.

The benefits are as follows:

1. Faster page load as jQuery file need not be downloaded

2. Saves your bandwidth as jQuery file is not loaded from your server

3. Scalable - generally CDNs place these files on the servers located at different geographical          locations of the world so that they load faster so irrespective of from where your user is browsing        your page, your application runs well.

4. How to Load Local jQuery File in Case CDN is Not Available?

5. Sometimes, it may happen that the CDN you have used to load the jQuery file is not available (it    rarely happens, however anything is possible, isn’t it?); in that case you should load your local    jQuery file that is available on your server so that all jQuery related functionality still works on your  page.

6. Write the following lines of code:

<!-- START - jQuery Reference -->

<script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"



src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-1.4.1.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript'>//<![CDATA[

if (typeof jQuery == 'undefined') {

document.write(unescape("%3Cscript

src='/Script/jquery-1.4.1.min.js' type='text/javascript' %3E%3C/script%3E"));

}//]]>

</script>

<!-- END - jQuery Reference -->



Replace bolded path with your own jQuery file path on the server. In the above code, the first line tries to load the jQuery file from CDN, if browser could load the file successfully, "jQuery" variable will not be undefined and next script will not run otherwise next script will run that will write the script tag to load the jQuery file from your server.

Coding Standards you must follow...

By Parikshit,

Cleanliness is a term that every programmer should learn and obey when creating code. When you create clean code it will help you troubleshoot any issues you may have with your code in the future. Here are five standards you should follow while writing the code.

1. Line Breaks:
This should be something that seems obvious for most designers but it should still be mentioned. When you put everything on one line, it becomes harder to read, and if you have to change any of the code in the future it takes longer. In CSS, it is nice to have a new line break after every attribute, this allows the designer and future designers to understand quickly where the attribute ends. Designers should get in the habit of pressing the Enter key for a page break after every semi-colon in their code. Having line breaks in your code also makes the code look more professional.

2. Tab Indention's / Single Indention's:
This is a debate that developers have all the time, should you tab indent or use a single space indention? Whatever you choose to use, be consistent with it. Don’t use tab indention for one attribute, then a single indention on the next. Like line breaks, being consistent with your indention's makes your code easier to read, troubleshoot, and look professional.

3. Clean Comments:

Comments play important role in coding. They can save a lot of time and stress when trying to find out what the original developer was trying to do. If the comments are not written cleanly, then comments can become useless. Comments should be as descriptive as possible and should be short and to the point. When writing comments, make them sound natural as if you are explaining the code to another developer. If you using one line comments your entire code, then switch to multi-line comments for no apparent reason, it can throw off the person reading the comments.

4. Consistent and Descriptive Classes and IDs:
In programming, one of the first things you are taught are to be descriptive when naming a variable. A class or ID with a descriptive name can assist in helping understand what the developer is trying to do. A class named odd isn’t very descriptive. Does odd mean an odd number, or something odd is happening that should not be happening. Whereas odd_row will let you know that the row is odd, and if you have an even_row class, then it is a little safer to assume that the classes affect something that alternates between even and odd numbers. Being consistent with variable names helps your code be clean also. If you had classes that started with a capital letter, then in the HTML tags you call them with a lowercase letter it can become confusing. CSS and HTML are not case sensitive, but it helps if you remember to keep an eye on upper and lower case characters. Perfection is in the details, and making for sure you are consistent with variable names is just one more detail to remember.

5. Nesting:
Nesting is the idea of putting similar code together so that it can be read easier. In CSS, you may want to nest attributes based on their class and ids. It is a lot easier to understand what a designer is trying to do when the designer puts all the attributes for a class called clean_code together. It also makes it easier to change one attribute that affects that class then searching through all the lines of code. When you use nesting with indention's and line breaks, this can make a big difference in how easy your code is to read.

Step to do marketing of your business in foreign countries

By Nived,

Step to do marketing of your business in foreign countries 

                      

After the worldwide monetary downturn quite a while prior, numerous American entrepreneurs may accept the planning couldn't be more regrettable to extend all inclusive. As I would see it, that is not the situation. There are great open doors for some plans of action in outside business sectors. The trap is to distinguish that specific, undeserved specialty that is a match for your business, and follow it.

For instance, my firm, Worldwide Power Products, found that developing mining and oil and gas organizations in Latin America and different nations were thinking that its hard to secure moderate gear. We needed to venture into these business sectors, however first expected to fulfill neighborhood prerequisites. At times these included indigenous substance activities, which require that neighborhood organizations give a portion of the esteem when remote organizations offer items in their business sectors. Thus, we built up a focused on show that empowered us to meet the imperatives of those activities and still offer our items there.

With strong examination, compelling arranging, and clever, innovative execution, I accept many organizations can discover achievement in the worldwide commercial center today. A portion of the means we prescribe include:

1. Know your organization and your industry.
Before you can decide whether your items and additionally benefits are a fit for the worldwide commercial center, you ought to have an unmistakable picture of where your organization (and the business in which it works) is today, and where it will be (and additionally where you need it to be) tomorrow. Bear in mind to consider supply limitations and different elements that may change your item or administration lines later.

For instance, you could be offering a million gadgets in America and be sure that they would be a major hit in Europe. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are arranging a noteworthy upgrade, or predict having issues getting crude materials later on, you may need to reevaluate your procedure. Or, then again, if mechanical advances in your industry may make an item old in five or even 10 years, remote development won't not be reasonable. (On the other hand, there are likely immature nations that may welcome an item that the major industrialized countries never again need or utilize.)

2. Decide how your plan of action interprets.
There are various routes for organizations to enter outside business sectors, including sending out, bringing in, joint ventures, permitting and seaward creation. For firms that deliver, make or exchange products, sending out is normally the most effortless and minimum hazardous strategy. On the off chance that you are keen on sending out, don't disregard roundabout trading, where a go-between acquainted with (and affirmed by the administration to direct) business in the objective nation handles the genuine exchange of merchandise.

3. Distinguish and examine target markets.
Likewise with beginning a business in the U.S., you have to discover a market that is ravenous for what you bring to the table. Be that as it may, the issue isn't simply request. You should consider every one of the elements, positive and negative, that effect your capacity to enter a market. Keep in mind those gadgets we discussed offering in Europe? You may need to make modifications, for example, changing the assembling materials to meet natural prerequisites in specific nations. Or, on the other hand, neighborhood content activities like those said before might oblige you to refine your assembling, appropriation or deals display.

4. Build up a marketable strategy.
The strategy for success you made when you opened your firm, and any resulting plans you have made for working as well as extending locally, won't make an interpretation of specifically to remote markets. You might have the capacity to adjust it, or you may require another arrangement altogether. There are many issues to consider, including:

• Potential markets/sources/clients.
• Import/trade valuing systems.
• Initial financing streams and foreseen incomes.
• Additional costs (e.g. promoting; shipping; stock stockpiling; retail facade; travel).
• Legal, administrative and license prerequisites.
• Potential organization or speculation openings, in the event that you are intrigued.
• Sales display (Internet or area based).

5. Look for exhortation and help.
I wish I could give you an enchantment wand that would guarantee achievement, however no such thing exists. Each organization and market is distinctive. Luckily, the U.S. government, and additionally many state and neighborhood governments and business-hatchery gatherings, uses a lot of time and vitality helping businesses―in a few cases, particularly asset strapped, little and medium-sized organizations (SMBs)―penetrate outside business sectors.

Selenium

By,
Vikrant

What is selenium:

Selenium is automated tool for testing an web application. This tool is an free ware available on internet , it also support different browsers  & platform. selenium is not an  single tool it is an suit of software which is basically classified according to the organization need . Selenium has four main Components which are as follow.

1)Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
2)Selenium Remote Control (RC)
3)Web Driver
4)Selenium Grid

Selenium Develop by:

As we are  aware that selenium is an collection of different tool, behind it there are team of developer’s. Selenium was created by Jason Huggins in 2004. He was working on web application which require frequently testing due to this it will take more time for manual testing an hole application. He write a script in java programming language that would automatically control the browser action. He has given a name as JavaScript TestRunner.

Let’s see brief introduction to all fore Components of Selenium.

1)Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

It is the most simplest framework in selenium suit, & this is most easier to learn. As we install plugging for web browsers, this also the same we have to install it on Firefox it is also called as Firefox Plugging. Because of this simplicity Selenium IDE is used basically for  prototyping tool. If we want to test an web application then Selenium IDE is not an proper option.

Advantages:
•It is very easy to use and install.
•No programming require for using this.
•It also provide extensions.
•It has built-in help & test result reporting module.

Disadvantages:
•It is only available in Firefox browser.
•It only design an prototype of testing.
•It does not require looping & conditional operations.

2)Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC):

Selenium RC is first automation testing tool, which will allow user to use programming language.

Following are the languages support by Selenium RC:
•Java
•C#
•Php
•Perl
•Ruby

Advantages :
•Support cross browser & cross platform.
•Also support login functionality.
•Can support data driven testing .
•Can readily support new browser
•It is faster than IDE.

Disadvantages :
•Process of installation is more complex.
•It must require programming knowledge.
•Browser interaction is less realistic

3. Web Driver:

Selenium WebDriver itself is better than both Selenium IDE & Selenium RC in different perspective. It is  effective  modern and stable approach in automating the browser's actions. WebDriver, unlike Selenium RC, does not rely on JavaScript for Automation.WebDriver control the browser by  directly communicating it.

Where WebDriver support following programming language .
•Java
•C#
•PHP
•Python
•Perl
•Ruby

Advantages :
•Simpler installation than Selenium RC.
•It communicate directly with browser.
•Browser interaction is more realistic.
•Faster execution than IDE  & RC.

Disadvantages :
•Requires programming knowledge.
•It is more complex to install than Selenium IDE.
•Can not readily support new browser.

4. Selenium Grid:

•It is used to run your Selenium RC scripts in different browsers and operating systems simultaneously. Selenium Grid is a tool basically used with

•Enables simultaneous running of tests in multiple browsers and environments.

•Saves time enormously.

•Utilizes the hub-and-nodes concept. The hub acts as a central source of Selenium commands to each node connected to it.